CRUD是Create（创建）、Read（读取）、Update（更新）和Delete（删除）的缩写，它是普通应用程序的缩影。如果您掌握了某框架的CRUD编写，那么意味可以使用该框架创建普通应用程序了，所以大家使用新框架开发OLTP（Online Transaction Processing）应用程序时，首先会研究一下如何编写CRUD。这类似于大家在学习新编程语言时喜欢编写“Hello World”。
本文旨在讲述Struts 2上的CRUD开发，所以为了例子的简单易懂，我不会花时间在数据库的操作上。取而代之的是一个模拟数据库的哈希表（Hash Map）。
具体实现
首先，让我们看看的“冒牌”的DAO（Data Access Object，数据访问对象），代码如下： |
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 package tutorial.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import tutorial.model.Book;
  public class BookDao  {
 private static final BookDao instance;
private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Book> data;
  static {
instance = new BookDao();
data = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Book>();
data.put("978-0735619678", new Book("978-0735619678", "Code Complete, Second Edition", 32.99));
data.put("978-0596007867", new Book("978-0596007867", "The Art of Project Management", 35.96));
data.put("978-0201633610", new Book("978-0201633610", "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", 43.19));
data.put("978-0596527341", new Book("978-0596527341", "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites", 25.19));
data.put("978-0735605350", new Book("978-0735605350", "Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art", 25.19));
 }
private BookDao() {}
public static BookDao getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public Collection<Book> getBooks() {
return data.values();
}
public Book getBook(String isbn) {
return data.get(isbn);
}
public void storeBook(Book book) {
data.put(book.getIsbn(), book);
}
public void removeBook(String isbn) {
data.remove(isbn);
}
public void removeBooks(String[] isbns) {
for(String isbn : isbns) {
data.remove(isbn);
}
}
 }以上代码相信不用解释大家也清楚，我使用ConcurrentMap数据结构存储Book对象，这主要是为了方便检索和保存Book对象；另外，我还将data变量设为静态唯一来模拟应用程序的数据库。
接下来是的数据模型Book类，代码如下：
package tutorial.model;
public class Book {
private String isbn;
private String title;
private double price;
public Book() {
}
public Book(String isbn, String title, double price) {
this.isbn = isbn;
this.title = title;
this.price = price;
}
public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}
public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
} 清单2 src/tutorial/model/Book.java
Book类有三个属性isbn,、title和price分别代表书籍的编号、名称和价格，其中编号用于唯一标识书籍（相当数据库中的主键）。
然后，我们再来看看Action类的代码：
package tutorial.action;
import java.util.Collection;
import tutorial.dao.BookDao;
import tutorial.model.Book;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class BookAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 872316812305356L;
private String isbn;
private String[] isbns;
private Book book;
private Collection<Book> books;
private BookDao dao = BookDao.getInstance();
public Book getBook() {
return book;
}
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}
public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}
public String[] getIsbns() {
return isbns;
}
public void setIsbns(String[] isbns) {
this.isbns = isbns;
}
public Collection<Book> getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(Collection<Book> books) {
this.books = books;
}
public String load() {
book = dao.getBook(isbn);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String list() {
books = dao.getBooks();
return SUCCESS;
}
public String store() {
dao.storeBook(book);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String remove() {
if(null != isbn) {
dao.removeBook(isbn);
} else {
dao.removeBooks(isbns);
}
return SUCCESS;
}
} 清单3 src/tutorial/action/BookAction.java
BookAction类中属性isbn用于表示待编辑或删除的书籍的编号，属性isbns用于表示多个待删除的书籍的编号数组，属性book表示当前书籍，属性books则表示当前的书籍列表。BookAction有四个Action方法分别是load、list、store和remove，也即是CRUD都集中在BookAction中实现。
再下来是Action的配置代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="Struts2_CRUD_DEMO" extends="struts-default" namespace="/Book">
<action name="List" class="tutorial.action.BookAction" method="list">
<result>List.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="Edit" class="tutorial.action.BookAction" method="load">
<result>Edit.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="Store" class="tutorial.action.BookAction" method="store">
<result type="redirect">List.action</result>
</action>
<action name="Remove" class="tutorial.action.BookAction" method="remove">
<result type="redirect">List.action</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts> 清单4 src/struts.xml
下面是列表页面的代码：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Book List</title>
<style type="text/css">
table {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
table thead tr th {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 3px;
background-color: #cccccc;
}
table tbody tr td {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 3px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Book List</h2>
<s:form action="Remove" theme="simple">
<table cellspacing="0">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Select</th>
<th>ISBN</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Operation</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<s:iterator value="books">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="isbns" value='<s:property value="isbn" />' /></td>
<td><s:property value="isbn" /></td>
<td><s:property value="title" /></td>
<td>$<s:property value="price" /></td>
<td>
<a href='<s:url action="Edit"><s:param name="isbn" value="isbn" /></s:url>'>
Edit
</a>
<a href='<s:url action="Remove"><s:param name="isbn" value="isbn" /></s:url>'>
Delete
</a>
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在Struts 2中实现CRUD
